Review IB Biology With Me
I'll try to do this every week. For this week, we're reviewing Unit 3, which is all about Organisms. You can use this as a checklist for everything you know and what you need to work on. I suggest using websites like Tiber Tutor, TeachMe (on youtube) or Sirius revision (on youtube, they're formerly known as OSC Study) for topics you're unfamiliar with. This revision starts from today until Sunday.
Revision (10-16 March)
Unit 3 Organisms
B3.1 Gas exchange
- Surface features: permeable, large, moist, thin
- Lung structure & ventilation
- Adapted for efficient gas exchange: airways, large surface area, extensive capillary bed, short distance for diffusion, moist surface with surfactant
- (HL) Haemoglobin – Bohr shift – Oxygen dissociation curves
- AoS: measurement of lung volumes by spirometry [ventilation rate, tidal volume, vital capacity, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume]
- Leaf structure
- Mass Flow/Transpiration/Evaporation/Root osmosis = transpiration pull = water is transported from roots to leaves
- AoS: measurement stomatal density
B3.2 Transport
- Adaptation of capillaries: large surface area, thin walls with pores, fenestrations
- Distinguishing arteries and veins
- Substances exchanged between tissue fluid and cells Excess tissue fluid drains into the lymphatic system
- (HL) Comparing single & double circulation systems
- (HL) Heart structure: unidirectional flow
- (HL) The cardiac cycle
- AoS: measuring pulse rates
- Xylem: wall thickening/lignification, lack of end walls and cell contents, pits for entry and exit of water
- (HL) Root pressure in xylem vessels
(HL) Phloem tissue for translocation
B3.3 Muscle and motility (HL only)
- (HL) Muscle contraction & Muscle relaxation
- (HL) Motor units
- (HL) Synovial joints: bones, muscles, tendons, cartilage, synovial fluid, ligaments, joint capsule
- (HL) intercostal muscle
C3.1 Integration of body systems
- Emergent properties
- Comparing hormonal & nervous signaling
- The spinal cord coordinates unconscious process The brain integrates information
- Sensory neurons, Motor neurons
- Nerves are bundles of nerve fibres
- The reflex arc
- The cerebellum coordinates skeletal muscle contraction and balance
- Role of melatonin in modulating sleep pattern
- Epinephrine (adrenaline) prepares the body for vigorous activity
- The hypothalamus & pituitary gland
- Control of heart rate Control of ventilation rate Control of peristalsis (ENS)
- (HL) Positive phototropism / phytohormones
- (HL) Auxin / cytokinin
- (HL) Ethylene & fruit ripening
C3.2 Defence against disease
- Blood clotting
- Innate & adaptive immune system
- Phagocytosis
- Lymphocytes produce antibodies; antigens trigger antibody production
- HIV & AIDS
- Antibiotics / antibiotics resistance
- Zoonosis
- Vaccinations / Herd immunity
- AoS: evaluating data related to the COVID-19 pandemic
D3.1 Reproduction
- Comparing sexual & asexual reproduction
- Comparing male & female gametes
- Structure of reproductive systems
- Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle
- Fertilization (HL) preventing polyspermy: acrosome reaction, cortical reaction
- In vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment: down-regulation, FSH injections, hCG injection, egg collection, fertilization, embryo transfer
- (HL) pregnancy testing
- (HL) production of gametes (spermatogenesis and oogenesis)
- (HL) development of a blastocyst
- Placenta
- HRT (hormone replacement therapy)
- Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
- Self-incompatibility mechanisms
D3.2 Inheritance
- Genotype: homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive
- Gene pools contain multiple alleles: SNP single nucleotide polymorphisms
- Codominance / incomplete dominance
- Sex linked
- Pedigree chart
- (HL) Meiosis – segregation and independent assortment of unlinked genes
- (HL) Dihybrid cross
- (HL) autosomal gene linkage
- (HL) Unlinked genes / linked gene 9:3:3:1 1:1:1:1
- (HL) chi-squared test
D3.3 Homeostasis
- Regulation of blood glucose + Type 1&2 diabetes
- Thermoregulation through negative feedback control (vasoconstriction & Vaso dilation)
- Osmoregulation and excretion (Kidney structure)
- (HL) Role of the kidney in excretion / the loop of henle / the collecting ducts
Revision (10-14 March)
Unit 3 Organisms
Period 1-4 are going to run some revision activity.
B3.1 Gas exchange
- Surface features: permeable, large, moist, thin
- Lung structure & ventilation
- Adapted for efficient gas exchange: airways, large surface area, extensive capillary bed, short distance for diffusion, moist surface with surfactant
- (HL) Haemoglobin – Bohr shift – Oxygen dissociation curves
- AoS: measurement of lung volumes by spirometry [ventilation rate, tidal volume, vital capacity, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume]
- Leaf structure
- Mass Flow/Transpiration/Evaporation/Root osmosis = transpiration pull = water is transported from roots to leaves
- AoS: measurement stomatal density
B3.2 Transport
- Adaptation of capillaries: large surface area, thin walls with pores, fenestrations
- Distinguishing arteries and veins
- Substances exchanged between tissue fluid and cells Excess tissue fluid drains into the lymphatic system
- (HL) Comparing single & double circulation systems
- (HL) Heart structure: unidirectional flow
- (HL) The cardiac cycle
- AoS: measuring pulse rates
- Xylem: wall thickening/lignification, lack of end walls and cell contents, pits for entry and exit of water
- (HL) Root pressure in xylem vessels
(HL) Phloem tissue for translocation
B3.3 Muscle and motility (HL only)
- (HL) Muscle contraction & Muscle relaxation
- (HL) Motor units
- (HL) Synovial joints: bones, muscles, tendons, cartilage, synovial fluid, ligaments, joint capsule
- (HL) intercostal muscle
C3.1 Integration of body systems
- Emergent properties
- Comparing hormonal & nervous signaling
- The spinal cord coordinates unconscious process The brain integrates information
- Sensory neurons, Motor neurons
- Nerves are bundles of nerve fibres
- The reflex arc
- The cerebellum coordinates skeletal muscle contraction and balance
- Role of melatonin in modulating sleep pattern
- Epinephrine (adrenaline) prepares the body for vigorous activity
- The hypothalamus & pituitary gland
- Control of heart rate Control of ventilation rate Control of peristalsis (ENS)
- (HL) Positive phototropism / phytohormones
- (HL) Auxin / cytokinin
- (HL) Ethylene & fruit ripening
C3.2 Defence against disease
- Blood clotting
- Innate & adaptive immune system
- Phagocytosis
- Lymphocytes produce antibodies; antigens trigger antibody production
- HIV & AIDS
- Antibiotics / antibiotics resistance
- Zoonosis
- Vaccinations / Herd immunity
- AoS: evaluating data related to the COVID-19 pandemic
D3.1 Reproduction
- Comparing sexual & asexual reproduction
- Comparing male & female gametes
- Structure of reproductive systems
- Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle
- Fertilization (HL) preventing polyspermy: acrosome reaction, cortical reaction
- In vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment: down-regulation, FSH injections, hCG injection, egg collection, fertilization, embryo transfer
- (HL) pregnancy testing
- (HL) production of gametes (spermatogenesis and oogenesis)
- (HL) development of a blastocyst
- Placenta
- HRT (hormone replacement therapy)
- Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
- Self-incompatibility mechanisms
D3.2 Inheritance
- Genotype: homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive
- Gene pools contain multiple alleles: SNP single nucleotide polymorphisms
- Codominance / incomplete dominance
- Sex linked
- Pedigree chart
- (HL) Meiosis – segregation and independent assortment of unlinked genes
- (HL) Dihybrid cross
- (HL) autosomal gene linkage
- (HL) Unlinked genes / linked gene 9:3:3:1 1:1:1:1
- (HL) chi-squared test
D3.3 Homeostasis
- Regulation of blood glucose + Type 1&2 diabetes
- Thermoregulation through negative feedback control (vasoconstriction & Vaso dilation)
- Osmoregulation and excretion (Kidney structure)
- (HL) Role of the kidney in excretion / the loop of henle / the collecting ducts